云服务器Linux系统安装常用软件完全指南

一、系统基础配置

在开始安装软件前，建议先完成以下基础配置：

1. 更新系统软件包

   CentOS: sudo yum update -y

   Ubuntu: sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

2. 安装基础编译工具

   CentOS: sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y

   Ubuntu: sudo apt install build-essential -y

二、必备软件安装指南

1. Web服务器安装

sudo yum install epel-release -y
sudo yum install nginx -y
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

sudo apt install nginx -y
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

2. 数据库安装

sudo yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install mysql-community-server -y
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

sudo apt install mysql-server -y
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo systemctl enable mysql

3. 编程语言环境

sudo yum install python3 -y
sudo alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3

sudo apt install python3 -y
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1

三、进阶软件配置

1. Docker安装

sudo curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

2. Redis缓存服务

# CentOS
sudo yum install redis -y

# Ubuntu
sudo apt install redis-server -y

sudo systemctl start redis
sudo systemctl enable redis

四、实用工具推荐

• htop - 进程监控工具: sudo yum/apt install htop -y
• git - 版本控制工具: sudo yum/apt install git -y
• tmux - 终端复用器: sudo yum/apt install tmux -y

五、常见问题解决

Q: 软件安装时出现依赖错误？

A: 尝试先更新软件源：sudo yum/apt update

Q: 服务无法启动？

A: 查看日志：journalctl -u 服务名 或 tail -f /var/log/服务名.log